Gypenoside attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic bioactivities

Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a traditional Chinese medicine that has previously been used for the treatment of chronic inflammation, hyperlipidemia and liver disease. Gypenoside (GP), the predominant component of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, exhibits a therapeutic effect on chronic hepatic injury, fibrosis and fatty liver disease via its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity. However, the effect of GP on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced hepatic injury has, to the best of our knowledge, not previously been investigated. In the present study, a hepatic I/R-injury model was successfully established using C57BL/6 mice. In the treatment group, 50 mg/kg GP was administered orally 1 h prior to ischemia. Following hepatic I/R, the levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation and serum alanine aminotransferase increased, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH):oxidized GSH was reduced, which was effectively attenuated by pretreatment with GP. Furthermore, an increased protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 in the liver tissues of the I/R mice was attenuated by the administration of GP. In addition, the present study indicated that treatment with GP suppressed the I/R-induced increase in the pro-apoptotic protein levels of Bax and cytochrome c and the activity of caspase-3/8, as well as the I/R-induced decrease in the levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In conclusion, the present study indicated that GP effectively protected against I/R-induced hepatic injury via its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic bioactivity.